Cold+War+-+1940s

1940s Cold War IDs Nitin's Id's ID Creation of East Germany Who: East Germans. The leader of East Germany for over 25 years was [|Walter Ulbricht]  (http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761553194/East_Germany.html). What: East Germany occupied the states of Berlin, Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, [|Saxony]  (Sachsen), Saxony-Anhalt, and [|Thüringen] . Its capital was East Berlin (http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761553194/East_Germany.html). Where: bordered on the north by the Baltic Sea, on the east by Poland, on the south by Czech Republic, and on the west by West Germany (http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761553194/East_Germany.html). When: October 7, 1949 (http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761553194/East_Germany.html). Why: The significance of East Germany was that it was on the Soviet side of the Cold War. The reason because they were on the Soviet side was because West Germany was on the US side (http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761553194/East_Germany.html).  ID Creation of West Germany Who: West Germans (http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761569658/West_Germany.html). What: West Germany occupied the states of the Baden-Württemberg, [|Bavaria] , Bremen, Hamburg, Hessen, Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia, Rhineland-Palatinate, Saarland, and Schleswig-Holstein. [|Bonn]  was the capital of West Germany and was located on the Rhine River (http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761569658/West_Germany.html). Where: West Germany was bordered on the north by the North Sea, on the east by [|East Germany] , and on the south by Austria, and on the west by France (http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761569658/West_Germany.html). When: September 21, 1949 (http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761569658/West_Germany.html). Why: The significance of West Germany was that it was on the US side of the cold war. Unlike the communist West Germany, East Germany was a democracy (http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761569658/West_Germany.html).

ID Berlin Aircraft Who: Soviets (http://www.spiritoffreedom.org/airlift.html). What: It was an eleven-month in which cargo planes delivered goods to the Soviet-blockaded city of West Berlin. This happened because the Soviets blocked all railroads and waterways to West Berlin. The Allies just decided to send the goods through the air to West Berlin (http://www.spiritoffreedom.org/airlift.html). Where: West Berlin (http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761552091/Air_Transport_Industry.html#p51). When: 1948, 1949 (http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761552091/Air_Transport_Industry.html#p51). Why: This was significant because it humiliated the Soviet attempt to acquire West Berlin by cutting of the supply line on the ground. The Allies went around this by sending food and fuel through the air (http://www.spiritoffreedom.org/airlift.html).

ID The Iron Curtain Speech Who: Winston Churchill (http://encarta.msn.com/sidebar_762529893/Churchill_The_Sinews_of_Peace_.html). What: It was a speech made by Winston Churchill that warned the Allies that the border between the Western Controlled and the eastern controlled was very tight and wanted to make peace with the USSR to prevent future warfare (http://encarta.msn.com/sidebar_762529893/Churchill_The_Sinews_of_Peace_.html). Where: Europe (http://encarta.msn.com/sidebar_762529893/Churchill_The_Sinews_of_Peace_.html). When: March 5, 1946 (http://encarta.msn.com/sidebar_762529893/Churchill_The_Sinews_of_Peace_.html). Why: The significance of this speech is that Winston Churchill warned the Allies that they need to make peace with the USSR or a future war is going to happen which it did. He describes the closeness of the Western and Eastern borders by using the term “the iron curtain” (http://encarta.msn.com/sidebar_762529893/Churchill_The_Sinews_of_Peace_.html).

ID Communist Revolution in China Who: Chinese (http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572241_3/Communism.html#p46). What: China became a communist country in 1949. The Russian became a major cultural influence on the Chinese intellectuals. The Chinese Communist party was founded in Shanghai. Mao Zedong became the Communist leader in China until he died in 1976 Chinese (http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572241_3/Communism.html#p46). Where: China Chinese (http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572241_3/Communism.html#p46). When: 1949 Chinese (http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572241_3/Communism.html#p46). Why: The significance of China becoming a Communist country is that it was a world power that was greatly respected by the US. In the treaty of Versailles the US failed to support China in some negotiations. This formed tension between the two. The Chinese intellects then became very interested in Communist Russia and soon later all of China was communist Chinese (http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572241_3/Communism.html#p46).

ID Mao Tse-dung Who: Chinese Communist leader from 1949 – 1976 (http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761559589/Mao_Zedong.html). What: Mao formed communism all over China. He was the leader of the Communist Revolution in China (http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761559589/Mao_Zedong.html). Where: China (http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761559589/Mao_Zedong.html). When: 1949 - 1976 (http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761559589/Mao_Zedong.html). Why: The significance of Mao is that he made China a communist country. He supported what Russia had done and had decided to make China a communist country. The US was not very happy with the decision on China’s part. They became Mao’s enemy (http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761559589/Mao_Zedong.html).

ID [|Chiang Kai-shek] <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> Who: Chiang was the leader of a military campaign in China against the warlords (http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761555270/Northern_Expedition.html). What: Chiang marched in to central China with his communist help and then took over central China with the help of the peasants and workers. He feared that the communist party was becoming too powerful so they were scattered and he ordered their elimination (http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761555270/Northern_Expedition.html). Where: China (http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761555270/Northern_Expedition.html). When: 1926- 1928 (http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761555270/Northern_Expedition.html). Why: Chiang is significant because he brought the first ideas to China about Communism. He realized how Communism could turn bad so he eliminated the group bout in 1934 the group came back together where they started a long march to get China to become a Communist Country (http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761555270/Northern_Expedition.html).

ID People's Republic of China (http://www-chaos.umd.edu/history/prc.html). Who: Chinese, the leader was Mao (http://www-chaos.umd.edu/history/prc.html). What: It was the creation of the People’s democratic dictatorship. China was divided into four social classes, the workers, the peasants, the petite bourgeoisie, and the national-capitalists (http://www-chaos.umd.edu/history/prc.html). Where: Beijing (http://www-chaos.umd.edu/history/prc.html). When: October 1, 1949 (http://www-chaos.umd.edu/history/prc.html). Why: The significance of the People’s Republic of China was that it was the first time China was actually in peace with itself. There was no military opposition (http://www-chaos.umd.edu/history/prc.html).

ID Taiwan Who: The People’s Republic of China (http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861718107/Taiwan.html). What: Taiwan broke became independent from China in 1949 and it is claimed the province for the People’s Republic of China (http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861718107/Taiwan.html). Where: Taiwan (http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861718107/Taiwan.html). When: 1949 – present day (http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861718107/Taiwan.html). Why: The significance of Taiwan is that it wanted to become independent and it did. (http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861718107/Taiwan.html).

Atlantic Charter Who: US and Britain What: a declaration stating certain policies that would be followed during the postwar period. It gave all of Europe the right to decide on their own form of government and basically gave the countries the right to self determination. Where: the document was written after a series of conferences on a warship off the coast of Newfoundland. When: August 14, 1941 Why: to ensure that Europe was free from nazi control and to prevent future aggression of a single nation http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761573454/Atlantic_Charter.html

Containment Who: foreign policy of the United States What: Containment aimed to prevent the spread of communism and to oppose communist nations—especially the Soviet Union—by diplomatic, political, and economic means. Where: used by the US in Europe When: 1945 and 1946 Why: because hopes of a harmonious postwar relationship between the victorious Allied Powers, including the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and the Soviet Union were fading. http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761586961/Containment.html

The Marshall Plan Who: the United States secretary of state George E. Marshall What: A document stating the plan to solve Europe’s postwar economic struggles. It said that the European economy would not be fixed until the German economy was fixed. Where: it was said in a commencement address at the university of Harvard and was a strategy used in Europe. When: 1947 Why: George Marshall wanted to provide a solution to the struggling postwar economy in Europe http://encarta.msn.com/sidebar_1741501347/The_Marshall_Plan.html

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