Cold+War+WMD

Cold War Weapons of Mass Destruction

Evan Manning History __ Cuban Missile Crisis __ **Who:** U.S., Soviet Union, Cuba. [] __ Atomic Bombing of Japan __ **Who:** America, Japan. [] __ SALT I and SALT II __ // SALT I // **Who:** United States, USSR. // SALT II // **Who:** Soviet Union, United States. __ 1969 Outer Space Treaty __ **Who:** Soviet Union, United States. (Or any other country that is economically and scientifically able to travel in space.) **Significance**: The 1966 Outer Space Treat is important to for many reasons. One reason would be that it started the space race during the Cold War. It allowed competition between the United States and the Soviet Union. The treaty also states that space is free for exploration and scientific reasons. The moon could not be an extension of a country, it is a free satellite. An important part of the treaty states that one astronaut should help another no matter what difference they have, or what difference their home lands have. Space is basically a new place where problems from Earth are not to be considered. [] __ Brinkmanship __ **Who**: U.S.A., Soviet Union. **When**: 1952 [] __ ICBM __ **Who**: United States, Soviet Union. (Cuba and any other county with nuclear capabilities.) [] __ Mutually Assured Destruction __ **Who**: United State //[] //
 * What:** When Cuba was given nuclear capabilities by the Soviet Union to wage a war against the United States and cripple the U.S. beyond all repair.
 * When:** Oct. 22, 1962.
 * Where:** Soviet Russia, Cuba, U.S.
 * Significance: **This led to nuclear capability awareness by the United States, and any country opposing the USSR. At first, the United States had no idea what was being build in Cuba and they least expected weapons of mass destruction. When the United States did figure the fact out by recon planes, they were frantic. Many military leaders wished to wage war against Cuba and attack by land, but what they did not know was that Cuba also had land based defensive missiles, predicting America’s plan. Also a plan by America was an airstrike to destroy any unfinished missiles, but there was a fear of detonating an already armed missile. Eventually, on October 28, the U.S. and the Soviet Union resolved the Cuban missile crisis by the Soviet Union retracting there missiles from Cuba. The present threat was over but what could happen next? Only the future could tell.
 * What:** The Atomic Bombing of Japan was the last resort considered by the U.S. to end the war with Japan.
 * When:** July, 1945.
 * Where:** Japan.
 * Significance:** The Atomic Bombing of Japan was to be considered the most humane way to finish the war between the U.S. and Japan. It was considered humane because, if the bomb was used, it would save thousand s of United States soldiers. Also, the bombs would be dropped only on military bases that were the heart of the Japanese war machine. In addition, the bomb was a last resort and only the last resort. It would be considered by all American leaders carefully and deliberately. Many people today think that the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were cruel and unusual, and nuclear war should be banned. They digest that even though thousands were saved, thousands died instantly in Japan. Also, thousands more died a slow death of radiation poisoning, which is very painful and a delayed death to the actual explosion.
 * What:** Negotiation between the USSR and the US about nuclear arms control.
 * When:** Jan. 20, 1969. (1960-1972)
 * Where:** United States, Soviet Union.
 * Significance:** This was a turning point in the fact that the United States and the Soviet Union are now negotiating to solve their disputes instead of creating a cold war when all is done is threatening and arguing. While arranging SALT I, the United States were able to come to an agreement with the USSR to freeze both sides of the armament of nuclear devices. Both sides signed the ABM Treaty. A loophole in the agreement to halt the creation of new nuclear missile was that both sides were allowed to replace old missile with new ones.
 * What:** The second of two negotiations between the US and the USSR that stopped the creation of a larger amount of nuclear weapons.
 * When:** Late 1972.
 * Where:** United States, Soviet Union (Moscow).
 * Significance:** SALT II was one of the most important agreements of the cold war. Both sides, the United States and the Soviet Union agree to limit their nuclear weapon capabilities, their nuclear transports, and their nuclear launch facilities. This is significant because it set boundaries to what capabilities each country could have, limiting them enough to prevent nuclear fallout.
 * [] **
 * What**: An agreement in which no one country could clam a part of space. It is a race. The first country there, the first choice they get.
 * When**: 1960’s.
 * Where**: (The world) Mainly U.S.A and Soviet Union.
 * What**:   The art or practice of pushing a dangerous situation or confrontation to the limit of safety especially to force a desired outcome.
 * Where**: United States, Soviet Union.
 * Significance**: During the cold war, the whole point of the war was to scare away the opposition. No point in the war was there a shot fired. It was purely a war of words. They used brinkmanship to antagonize each other. Both the United States and the Soviet Union were waiting for the other side to either make a move or pull back.
 * What**: Intercontinental Ballistic and Cruise Missile.
 * When**: 1940’s onward.
 * Where**: United States, Soviet Union.
 * Significance**: The ICBM, or Intercontinental Ballistic and Cruise Missile, was the main weapon of choice when it came to the cold war. They could travel long distances without being refueled. They had the capability of destroying a whole city with just one missile; killing thousands instantly, and thousands more after a short time because of radiation poisoning. Just a handful of missile could destroy Earth in a matter of seconds, basically starting a chain reaction that would burn up all the O 3 in the ozone. No form of life would be able in survive or inhabit the world after that had happened. Because of the fear generated by the ICBM, it was the ultimate weapon of the cold war and even today.
 * What**: The parity of both sides, the U.S.A and Soviet Union. Both had the same nuclear capabilities.
 * When**: 1961 onward.
 * Where**: United States, Soviet Union.
 * Significance**: During the majority of the cold war, the United States had nuclear superiority. They had more nuclear war heads than Russia, which is what gave the United States the upper hand. On the year of 1961, Mutually Assured Destruction was established. Mutually Assured Destruction was the when both sides, in this case the U.S.A and the Soviet Union, have the same nuclear capabilities. They both had the same ability as the other. This possible could be the world darkest hour. Both groups with equal power, equal ability to destroy the other and equal ability to destroy the world.

"Nuclear Files: Key Issues: Nuclear Weapons: History: Cold War: Strategy: Mutual Assured Destruction." __Nuclear Files - From nuclear proliferation to nuclear testing, from Hiroshima to North Korea, Nuclear Files offers the A to Z on nuclear issues.__ 13 Mar. 2009 . "Estimated Strategic Nuclear Weapons Inventories." __Index of...__ 13 Mar. 2009 . "Brinkmanship - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary." __Dictionary and Thesaurus - Merriam-Webster Online__. 13 Mar. 2009 . Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary." __Dictionary and Thesaurus - Merriam-Webster Online__. 13 Mar. 2009 . "SALT II TREATY." __Dosfan Electronic Research Collection Archive Home Page__. 13 Mar. 2009 . "Kevin Young: The Atomic Bombing of Japan." __CounterPunch: Tells the Facts, Names the Names__. 13 Mar. 2009 . "The Cuban Missile Crisis." __History and Politics Out Loud: a searchable archive of politically significant audio materials__. 13 Mar. 2009 .

Amr E 1. Duck and Cover a. Who: US government. b. What: The idea of teaching people to duck and cover when told in case of a nuclear attack, there is also a video called “duck and cover” made by the US government which features a character named “Bert The Turtle” to teach children to take cover when there is a nuclear threat. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-list: Ignore; msoasciithemefont: major-bidi; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastthemefont: major-bidi; msohansithemefont: major-bidi; msobidithemefont: major-bidi; msolist: Ignore;">c. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">When: 1951 <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-list: Ignore; msoasciithemefont: major-bidi; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastthemefont: major-bidi; msohansithemefont: major-bidi; msobidithemefont: major-bidi; msolist: Ignore;">d. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Where: United States. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-list: Ignore; msoasciithemefont: major-bidi; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastthemefont: major-bidi; msohansithemefont: major-bidi; msobidithemefont: major-bidi; msolist: Ignore;">e. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Significance: This was a time of nuclear warfare. Each country was concerned for the safety of their citizens, and so each government developed their own way of protecting them. The US government put effort into making this video. This is important because it shows the fear that the American people were living in at the time of the Cold War.

[|http://www.loti.com/fifties_history/Duck_and_Cover.htm] <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-list: Ignore; msoasciithemefont: major-bidi; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastthemefont: major-bidi; msohansithemefont: major-bidi; msobidithemefont: major-bidi; msolist: Ignore;">2. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hotline (Moscow-Washington hotline) <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-list: Ignore; msoasciithemefont: major-bidi; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastthemefont: major-bidi; msohansithemefont: major-bidi; msobidithemefont: major-bidi; msolist: Ignore;">a. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Who: United States and Russia. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-list: Ignore; msoasciithemefont: major-bidi; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastthemefont: major-bidi; msohansithemefont: major-bidi; msobidithemefont: major-bidi; msolist: Ignore;">b. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">What: A telephone that allowed direct communication between the leaders of the United States and Russia. It was made following the Memorandum of Understanding Regarding the Establishment of a Direct Communications Line (an agreement to use the phone as a way of agreement). It was also often called the “red telephone”. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-list: Ignore; msoasciithemefont: major-bidi; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastthemefont: major-bidi; msohansithemefont: major-bidi; msobidithemefont: major-bidi; msolist: Ignore;">c. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">When: June 20, 1963. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-list: Ignore; msoasciithemefont: major-bidi; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastthemefont: major-bidi; msohansithemefont: major-bidi; msobidithemefont: major-bidi; msolist: Ignore;">d. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Where: in the United States and Russia. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-list: Ignore; msoasciithemefont: major-bidi; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastthemefont: major-bidi; msohansithemefont: major-bidi; msobidithemefont: major-bidi; msolist: Ignore;">e. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Significance: The hotline was the only way for the leaders of the United States and Russia to communicate directly. The objective of this communication was to build up trust between the countries and prevent nuclear attacks as a result of misunderstanding. This is important because the United States was also trying to prevent nuclear war even though it was the first country to launch a nuclear missile. [] <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-list: Ignore; msoasciithemefont: major-bidi; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastthemefont: major-bidi; msohansithemefont: major-bidi; msobidithemefont: major-bidi; msolist: Ignore;">3. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1963 Nuclear Test Ban Treaty <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-list: Ignore; msoasciithemefont: major-bidi; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastthemefont: major-bidi; msohansithemefont: major-bidi; msobidithemefont: major-bidi; msolist: Ignore;">a. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Who: United States, Great Britain, Northern Ireland and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-list: Ignore; msoasciithemefont: major-bidi; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastthemefont: major-bidi; msohansithemefont: major-bidi; msobidithemefont: major-bidi; msolist: Ignore;">b. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">What: Disarmament and to stop testing of all weapons including nuclear weapons. This prohibits the testing of the weapons on land or sea. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-list: Ignore; msoasciithemefont: major-bidi; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastthemefont: major-bidi; msohansithemefont: major-bidi; msobidithemefont: major-bidi; msolist: Ignore;">c. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">When: October 10, 1963. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-list: Ignore; msoasciithemefont: major-bidi; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastthemefont: major-bidi; msohansithemefont: major-bidi; msobidithemefont: major-bidi; msolist: Ignore;">d. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Where: Signed in Moscow. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-list: Ignore; msoasciithemefont: major-bidi; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastthemefont: major-bidi; msohansithemefont: major-bidi; msobidithemefont: major-bidi; msolist: Ignore;">e. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Significance: This treaty would prevent the devastating consequences of nuclear waste. This would protect each country from the other. This treaty and the hotline were both made in 1963. This is important because it shows that 1963 was a year of trying to prevent war. [|http://fletcher.tufts.edu/multi/texts/BH454.txt\] <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-list: Ignore; msoasciithemefont: major-bidi; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastthemefont: major-bidi; msohansithemefont: major-bidi; msobidithemefont: major-bidi; msolist: Ignore;">4. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">H-bomb <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-list: Ignore; msoasciithemefont: major-bidi; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastthemefont: major-bidi; msohansithemefont: major-bidi; msobidithemefont: major-bidi; msolist: Ignore;">a. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Who: United States, Russia, Great Britain, France and China all possessed hydrogen bombs. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-list: Ignore; msoasciithemefont: major-bidi; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastthemefont: major-bidi; msohansithemefont: major-bidi; msobidithemefont: major-bidi; msolist: Ignore;">b. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">What: A bomb made by the fusion of smaller atoms to bigger ones, also known as the thermonuclear bomb. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-list: Ignore; msoasciithemefont: major-bidi; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastthemefont: major-bidi; msohansithemefont: major-bidi; msobidithemefont: major-bidi; msolist: Ignore;">c. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">When: First testing was in 1952 by the United States. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-list: Ignore; msoasciithemefont: major-bidi; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastthemefont: major-bidi; msohansithemefont: major-bidi; msobidithemefont: major-bidi; msolist: Ignore;">d. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Where: in all countries that own these bombs. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-list: Ignore; msoasciithemefont: major-bidi; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastthemefont: major-bidi; msohansithemefont: major-bidi; msobidithemefont: major-bidi; msolist: Ignore;">e. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Significance: This kind of weaponry was developed as an alternative to atomic bombs. It was called the “clean bomb”. It did not produce radioactive “fallout”. It does; however, vaporize anything in its way.

[] <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-list: Ignore; msoasciithemefont: major-bidi; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastthemefont: major-bidi; msohansithemefont: major-bidi; msobidithemefont: major-bidi; msolist: Ignore;">5. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1968 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-list: Ignore; msoasciithemefont: major-bidi; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastthemefont: major-bidi; msohansithemefont: major-bidi; msobidithemefont: major-bidi; msolist: Ignore;">a. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Who: 189 countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Russia and China. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-list: Ignore; msoasciithemefont: major-bidi; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastthemefont: major-bidi; msohansithemefont: major-bidi; msobidithemefont: major-bidi; msolist: Ignore;">b. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">What: To limit the use of nuclear energy by disarmament and by using nuclear energy for good purposes not for war. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-list: Ignore; msoasciithemefont: major-bidi; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastthemefont: major-bidi; msohansithemefont: major-bidi; msobidithemefont: major-bidi; msolist: Ignore;">c. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">When: Started on July 1, 1968. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-list: Ignore; msoasciithemefont: major-bidi; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastthemefont: major-bidi; msohansithemefont: major-bidi; msobidithemefont: major-bidi; msolist: Ignore;">d. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Where: No specific place as countries many countries joined afterwards. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-list: Ignore; msoasciithemefont: major-bidi; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastthemefont: major-bidi; msohansithemefont: major-bidi; msobidithemefont: major-bidi; msolist: Ignore;">e. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Significance: This treaty, if followed, would prevent nuclear outbreak. Most countries of the world joined this treaty. [] <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-list: Ignore; msoasciithemefont: major-bidi; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastthemefont: major-bidi; msohansithemefont: major-bidi; msobidithemefont: major-bidi; msolist: Ignore;">6. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">INF Treaty of 1987 <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-list: Ignore; msoasciithemefont: major-bidi; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastthemefont: major-bidi; msohansithemefont: major-bidi; msobidithemefont: major-bidi; msolist: Ignore;">a. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Who: United States and the Soviet Union. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-list: Ignore; msoasciithemefont: major-bidi; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastthemefont: major-bidi; msohansithemefont: major-bidi; msobidithemefont: major-bidi; msolist: Ignore;">b. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">What: A treaty that required the elimination of all missiles with ranges 625 miles to 3,500 miles by June 1, 1991. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-list: Ignore; msoasciithemefont: major-bidi; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastthemefont: major-bidi; msohansithemefont: major-bidi; msobidithemefont: major-bidi; msolist: Ignore;">c. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">When: treaty signed on December 8, 1987. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-list: Ignore; msoasciithemefont: major-bidi; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastthemefont: major-bidi; msohansithemefont: major-bidi; msobidithemefont: major-bidi; msolist: Ignore;">d. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Where: Washington D.C. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-list: Ignore; msoasciithemefont: major-bidi; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastthemefont: major-bidi; msohansithemefont: major-bidi; msobidithemefont: major-bidi; msolist: Ignore;">e. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Significance: This agreement forced the two countries to disarm most of their weaponry by 1991. This is important because it will prevent future war because the United States and the Soviet Union are the major powers.

[] <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-list: Ignore; msoasciithemefont: major-bidi; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastthemefont: major-bidi; msohansithemefont: major-bidi; msobidithemefont: major-bidi; msolist: Ignore;">7. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Biological Warfare Treaty <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-list: Ignore; msoasciithemefont: major-bidi; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastthemefont: major-bidi; msohansithemefont: major-bidi; msobidithemefont: major-bidi; msolist: Ignore;">a. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Who: 162 states including the United States and Russia. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-list: Ignore; msoasciithemefont: major-bidi; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastthemefont: major-bidi; msohansithemefont: major-bidi; msobidithemefont: major-bidi; msolist: Ignore;">b. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">What: Prohibiting the use of biological weapons. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-list: Ignore; msoasciithemefont: major-bidi; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastthemefont: major-bidi; msohansithemefont: major-bidi; msobidithemefont: major-bidi; msolist: Ignore;">c. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">When: 1972. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-list: Ignore; msoasciithemefont: major-bidi; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastthemefont: major-bidi; msohansithemefont: major-bidi; msobidithemefont: major-bidi; msolist: Ignore;">d. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Where: Not a specific place. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-list: Ignore; msoasciithemefont: major-bidi; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastthemefont: major-bidi; msohansithemefont: major-bidi; msobidithemefont: major-bidi; msolist: Ignore;">e. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Significance: This treaty, also known as the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) or the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BWTC), prevented the development, production, acquisition, transfer, retention, stockpiling and use of biological and toxin weapons. This is important because it will prevent the use of weaponry that could be just as fatal as the atomic bomb.

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Works Cited "| Disarmament | The Biological Weapons Convention." __United Nations Office at Geneva__. 30 Mar. 2009 <http://www.unog.ch/80256ee600585943/(httppages)/04fbbdd6315ac720c1257180004b1b2f?opendocument>. "Fifties History - Duck and Cover: A Propaganda Film for Red Scare Youngsters - The Fifties 1950s - History." __Fifties Sixties Fashion, TV, Movies, Hair, Food, Cars, 50's 60's Facts and History about 1950's and 1960's - Clip Art and Information__. 30 Mar. 2009 <http://www.loti.com/fifties_history/Duck_and_Cover.htm>. __ Graduate Professional School of International Affairs - The Fletcher School at Tufts University __. 30 Mar. 2009 <http://fletcher.tufts.edu/multi/texts/BH454.txt>. __ Infoplease: Encyclopedia, Almanac, Atlas, Biographies, Dictionary, Thesaurus. Free online reference, research & homework help. &mdash; Infoplease.com __. 30 Mar. 2009 <http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0824719.html>. "Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty - INF (1987) | Nuclear Arms Control Treaties | atomicarchive.com." __Atomicarchive.com: Exploring the History, Science, and Consequences of the Atomic Bomb__. 30 Mar. 2009 <http://www.atomicarchive.com/Treaties/Treaty15.shtml>. __ International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) __. 30 Mar. 2009 <http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Documents/Infcircs/Others/infcirc140.pdf>. "Washington-Moscow Hotline- CDI Russia Weekly #263." __CDI - Center for Defense Information - Security Policy Research Organization__. 30 Mar. 2009 <http://www.cdi.org/russia/263-12.cfm>.